Dodiya Meghana's personal

Bilingualism by Agnes Lam                      Bilingualism refers to the        phenomenon of competence and communication in two languages.Bilingual means someone who has the ability to communicate in two languages alternately.A bilingual society is one in which two languages are used for communication. Bilingualism:   1) Monolingual or communicative norms  2) Relative competence in two         languages 3) Domains 4) Components   Apart from bilingual abilities involving two languages,individuals may also have bidialectal or biscriptural abilities within one language.                 Bidialectalism refers to the phenomenon whereby someone can communicate in more than two dialects of the same language. Biscriptural competence can be written both in the new simplified script and the traditional complex script.             Psycholinguistic studies of bilingualism have asked questions such as: how do we become bilingual? How  are the two languages represe

 Second language acquisition by David Nunan                                                                                                         The term second language acquisition(SLA)refers to the processes through which someone acquire one or more second or foreign languag.some important point in this research paper:       -communication process       -L1 and L2 formaly -informaly       -product-The language use by learners.       -Process-mental       -positive transfer       -nagative transfer       -morpheme-minimum meaningful language unit.       -the term 'modified interaction.           Brown made a study on native kids who's language is L1(English language).Dudley and Burn study those kids were learn different languages and background.        The discipline now known as SLA emerged from comparative studies of similarities and differences between languages.These studies were conducted in the belief that a learner's first language(L1) has importa

The waste land is a masterpiece of renowned English poet T.S.Eliot.The Waste Land one of the most talked about poem of the 20th century.               1) After viewing this image i can say that both are talking about different thing, their view points are totally different from each other. Nietzsche also believing in forward looking and Eliot believing regressive backward looking Eliot's and Nietzsche's point of views are different. Nietzsche did imagine such a different world and he is come with Philosophical concept, ' The ubermensch' it means Superman. Eliot tries to convey the idea of modern man with spiritual drought to sexual perversion also.          After reading poem ‘The Waste land' T S Eliot believes Christianity and religion. In this poem the waste land we also find different type of religious symbol like Buddhism, Hinduism and Upnishada. 2) Eliot and Freud both are thinking from different perspective so we can say that both are standing at th

English for academic purposes by  Liz Hamp-lyons      English for academic purposes(EAP) is not only a teaching approach.it is also Branch of applied linguistics consisting of a significant body of research into       - effective teaching       -assessment approaches       -methods of analysis of the academic needs of students,       -analysis of the linguistic       -discoursal structures of academic text       -analysis of the textual practices of academics.           EAP is an educational approach and a set of beliefs about TESOL that is unlike that taken in general English courses and textbooks.it begins with the learner and the situation,wheras general English begins with the language.many EAP programmes place more focus on reading and writing,while most general English courses place more focus on speaking and listening.   In discussing ESP and EAP,strevens argued that courses can be specific in four ways:   -by restricting the language taught to only those skills

English for specific purposes by  Tony Dudley -Evans         English for specific purposes its own approaches,mterials-driven and as a very active,even 'feisty' movement that has had considerable influence over the more general activities of TESOL(teaching English speaker of the language). Esp has always seen itself as material-driven and classroom-based activity concerned with practical outcomes. Important point of Esp:      -Aspect of Teaching      -material production      -need analysis is important      -Esp learns adults      -ESP can be taught at school      -ESP is also included primary schools      -ESP generally taught to intermediate or advanced students of Englis,but can alsbe taught to begginers.        The ESP teacher needs to bear in mind and exploit if possible this specific subject knowledge,which leads to classroom interaction and teaching methodology that can be quite different from that of general English.however,in some situations-e.g.pre

My views on “Teaching English as a second language in india:Focus on Objectives-SHIVENDRA K. VERMA     English is a symbol of linguistic centralism in India. The numerous Indian languages are seen to represent linguistic religionalism.English as second language can only be understood in the historical perspective.                          The global objective of language teaching can be defined as very helpful the children to learn a language or to perform a variety of functions also and these range from the sociable language which use of social way of language for pathetic communion and a network of communicative uses also its use at the highest level of “cognition” “catharsis”, and “self expression”.               Functionally determined sub categories:           1)First Language           2)Second Language           3)Foreign Language           4)Classical Language                   Learning language is not just a question of learning to produce sentences

My views on “Teaching of English:  A plea for practical Attitude”-R.K.SINGH      English in India is a potential national resource.it is important to develop tolerance and positive attitudes towards English.     English has been long adopted and firmly established as a link language by our national leaders during and after the freedom struggle not only for mutual communication and coexistence but also for Saving the republic from small state nationalism.      English is also already functioning as a link language in the present day global village,not necessarily for reasons of quality or superiority but for political and historical reasons.         If teacher accept their aim of teach English well, and if they want to ensure that their pupils should achieve a basic command of the language, than they must.. i.Encourage a teaching programme. ii.Pursue such teaching activities. iii.Flexible teaching approach.                These are the three didactic aims of teaching

My views on “Teaching English as a second language in India” In kapil kapoor is giving view on the English as a second language. Second language is understood in Two different ways: English is second language after one or more Indian languages, which are primary and more significantly. In school Education the second language is what is introduced after the primary stage and has pedagogical as well as functional definition.            -English as a second language can only be understood is the larger and historical perspective.           -Teaching in India is a main pivot of educational system. English is the language of knowledge. English is the language of liberal, modern thinking.         - “English has important functions to serve internally in addition on the world. English may be continuing to the medium of instruction in several faculties at the college level.”        -English is now widely taught as subject of study in different languages teachin

My views on "Socio-cultural Dimensions of English as a Second Language"-Rekha Aslam      we use English but our requirements are behind English.English is a link language and also official language. English is not become our need but it is just medium and it is not our goal.nowadays we need English because our higher education is not in our mother tongue(Gujarati) but it is in English. We have not genuine interest in English.English is not boring but our teacher makes it boring so we have not interest in learning English as a subject because teacher have not any special method for teaching English as a language -it English is taught in particular way or in a effective method so we can it learn easily. These all things are flexible and the main reason of behind them is socio-culture dimension of English. For Example: our belief system is different .it is always our mythology.we can not translate our ethos,mythology and our cultural idea in English.We have long mytholog

The Dual Role of English in India. This blog is in reference to a research paper by E.ANNAMALAI “Satan and Saraswati: The Double Face of English in India”.   English language is more important nowadays. English plays a conflicting double role in India in policy and practice. We all know that English is official language. English is taught as a language for its instrumental value in school and colleges compulsorily.  English as a Satan:--  In English languageLarge number of words makes difficult to learn many irregularities in spelling, pronunciation and other kind of things also.  -people would be unhappy,especially those who do not know English and it would be difficult to convert everybody to the English language.- English is not learned from primary level education so communication is a bit difficult. English as a sarswati:- English is a link language.A large number of people in non-english speaking countries already know and /or studying English,and it's an