English for academic purposes

English for academic purposes by
Liz Hamp-lyons

English for academic purposes(EAP) is not only a teaching approach.it is also Branch of applied linguistics consisting of a significant body of research into
- effective teaching
-assessment approaches
-methods of analysis of the academic needs of students,
-analysis of the linguistic
-discoursal structures of academic text
-analysis of the textual practices of academics.
EAP is an educational approach and a set of beliefs about TESOL that is unlike that taken in general English courses and textbooks.it begins with the learner and the situation,wheras general English begins with the language.many EAP programmes place more focus on reading and writing,while most general English courses place more focus on speaking and listening.
In discussing ESP and EAP,strevens argued that courses can be specific in four ways:
-by restricting the language taught to only those skills which are required for the learner's immediate purposes;
-by selecting from the whole language only those items of vocabulary,grammar patterns,linguistic functions,etc,which required for the learner's immediate purposes;
-by including only topics ,themes and discourse context that are directly relevant to the learner's immediate language needs;
-by addressing only those communicative needs that relate to the learner's immediate purposes.
It can be seen that when all four kind of specificity are applied to a course,the result is something quite restricted;this restriction resulted in some dissatisfaction with early approaches to ESP.
Need analysis is fundamental to an EAP approach to course design and teaching.if a needs analysis indicates that the study situation is More specific,many of the same areas of study skills are still taught,but with particular attention to the language used in the specific disciplinary context identify in the needs analysis.the language is attended to at the levels of:
-ragister: lexical and grammatical features
-discourse:the effect of communicative context
-genre:how language is used in a particular settings,such as a research papers,formal lectures.
Need analysis leads to the specificatio of objectives for a course or set of course.EAP is a thriving and important aspect of TESOL that has so far received less attention from researcher than it deserves.

Thank u....

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